Portugal, Proof silver coin of 500 Escudos 2001 Porto 2001 - European Capital of Culture, Case with Proof silver coin 500$00 2001 commemorating Porto 2001 - European Capital of Culture, Special issue from Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda (INCM), World Coins Portugal KM#733a (Silver Proof). The official inauguration of Porto 2001 – European Capital of Culture took place on January 13, 2001. The program was divided into: theater, music, dance, visual arts and architecture, population involvement program, city entertainment, circus, puppets, literature, odyssey in images, opera and science.

Portugal Proof silver coin, 1000 Escudos 1997 Centenary of Oceanographic Expeditions, case with Proof silver coin 1000$00 1997 Centenary of Oceanographic Expeditions, commemorating the 1st Centenary of Oceanographic Expeditions carried out by King D. Carlos I on the yachts D. Amélia I to IV, Special issue from Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda (INCM), coin integrated into the EXPO`98 numismatic plan, World Coins Portugal KM#695a. D. Carlos I's oceanographic campaigns began in 1896, the exploration of the Portuguese sea coast focused on a limited area, but notable for its large bathymetric variations. Between 1896 and 1907, he carried out 290 stations, with four different vessels, all named Amélia and having the sequence numbers I, II, III and IV.

Augustus,  Semis Æ coin of Hispania city Carteia, (27 a.C. a 14 d.C.), Legenda: CARTEIA / D.D., RPC 122 Burgos 663

This silver denarius was minted in 90 BC in Rome by the moneyer C. Vibius Pansa, a member of the ancient Gens Vibia.

The obverse features a laureate head of Apollo facing right, with a snake symbol in front and the legend PANSA behind.

The reverse depicts Victoria driving a quadriga to the right, with the legend C. VIBIVS. C. F. below.

This coin corresponds to the small head variant (~10 mm) of Apollo, one of several known types in this series.

References: Crawford 342/5, Seaby 684, Sear 242.

Roman Republic, Aes Formatum, AE, Pre-coin bronze from the Roman Republic 6th-3rd century BC, Approximate dimension: 44x15x10 mm Weight: 36.57 g. The "Aes Formatum" pre-coins are small cast bronze ingots with a recognized shape, these were used as payment currency in commercial transactions between the 6th and 3rd centuries BC, they are the successor coins of the "Aes Rude" which were pieces of bronze without shape, looking more like metallic slag. As the "Aes Formatum" system did not have a standard value, the values at the time were determined based on the weights of the individual pieces, very little is known about this type of pre-currency as there is a great diversity of recognized formats, and the exact date when they were made, as well as the exact location to which each type is attributed, however, from finds throughout Europe it is now known that these pre-coins were recognized and accepted as currency until the appearance of standard coins.

Portugal, coin of 1 Escudo 1935 Alpaca or 1$00 1935 alpaca of the Portuguese Republic, Key Date of the serie 1 Escudo with international code of World Coins Portugal KM#578, belongs to the third series of coins of the Portuguese Republic of one escudo. Coins were minted in the alpaca alloy (Cu 610 - Zn 200 - Ni 190) and coins were minted from 1927 to 1968, they were created by Decree 13797 of June 21, 1927. The issue ceased under the terms of Decree-Law 49167 of August 4, 1969. Withdrawn from circulation under the terms of Decree-Law 267/81 of September 15, 1981. Issuance on the various dates minted between 1927 and 1968: 45,000,000

Portugal, coin of 1 Escudo 1957 Alpaca or 1$00 1957 alpaca of the Portuguese Republic, with international code of World Coins Portugal KM#578, belongs to the third series of coins of the Portuguese Republic of one escudo. Coins were minted in the alpaca alloy (Cu 610 - Zn 200 - Ni 190) and coins were minted from 1927 to 1968, they were created by Decree 13797 of June 21, 1927. The issue ceased under the terms of Decree-Law 49167 of August 4, 1969. Withdrawn from circulation under the terms of Decree-Law 267/81 of September 15, 1981. Issuance on the various dates minted between 1927 and 1968: 45,000,000.

Portugal, Silver coin of 2-1/2 Escudos 1937, (The rarest coin in the series), 2$50 Escudos 1937 silver Portuguese Republic . The 2$50 silver coins, two escudos and fifty cents, belong to the first issue of 2$50 escudos coins by the Portuguese Republic. Created by Decree 19 871 of June 9, 1931. Their issuance ceased under the terms of Decree-Law 45 129 of July 12, 1963. Issuance on the various dates minted between 1932 and 1951: 48,000,000.

Portugal, Silver coin of 2-1/2 Escudos 1937, (The rarest coin in the series), 2$50 Escudos 1937 silver Portuguese Republic . The 2$50 silver coins, two escudos and fifty cents, belong to the first issue of 2$50 escudos coins by the Portuguese Republic. Created by Decree 19 871 of June 9, 1931. Their issuance ceased under the terms of Decree-Law 45 129 of July 12, 1963. Issuance on the various dates minted between 1932 and 1951: 48,000,000.

Portugal, silver coin of 10 escudos 1942, silver coin of 10$00 1942 from the Portuguese Republic, World Coins Portugal KM#582. This is the rarest date of the first issuance of 10$00 escudo coins from the Portuguese Republic for circulation. Created with the force of Law 19,871 of June 9, 1931, issuance ceased under the terms of Decree-Law 39,508 of January 2, 1954, withdrawn from circulation on January 1, 1955 by Decree-Law No. 40021 of December 31 from 1954.

Portugal, Very Rare aluminium coin of 10 centavos 1969 Portuguese Republic, World Coins Portugal KM 594, belongs to the first and only series coins minted in aluminum in Portugal, series of 10 Centavos aluminum coins from the Portuguese Republic minted from 1971 to 1979, were created by Decree-Law 49167 of 4 August 1969, amended by Decree-Law 525/70 of 6 January 1970. Issuance ceased under the terms of Decree-Law 267/81 of 15 September 1981. Withdrawn from circulation: 1 January 1982 decree-Law no. 267/81, of 15 September.

The 10 centavos 1924 bronze coin of the Portuguese Republic represents the first issue of this decimal type, created under Decree No. 9,718 of 23 May 1924. Listed in World Coins Portugal as KM#573 and in the Alberto Gomes catalogue (2006, 2013 and 2021 editions) as R.09.01, it belongs to the series of coins of the First Portuguese Republic (1910–1926), minted at the Lisbon Mint.

Struck in bronze (Cu 960‰ – Zn 40‰), it features a 22 mm module, 4 g weight, reeded edge, and a rim composed of a plain circle followed by a beaded ornament. The obverse displays the facial value “10 CENTAVOS” surrounded by the legend REPUBLICA PORTUGUESA ✤ 1924 ✤, while the reverse shows the allegorical bust of the Republic wearing a Phrygian cap, designed by Alves do Rego (obverse) and Francisco dos Santos (reverse).

The 1924‑dated issue had a mintage of 1,210,000 pieces, forming part of a broader production of 43,663,620 coins struck between 1924 and 1940. Circulation ceased under Decree‑Law No. 32,648 of 29 January 1943, and the type was officially withdrawn on 1 July 1949 by Decree‑Law No. 37,120 of 27 October 1948. This coin is one of the most representative bronze issues of the late First Republic and early subsequent period.

Portugal,10 centavos 1925 Bronze coin of the first republic 1910-1926, these first 10 centavos coins in bronze were created by decree 9718 of 23 May 1924. Issuance ceased under the terms of Decree-Law 32648 of 29 January 1943. circulation on 1 July 1949 (Decree-Law nº 37120, of 27 October 1948), Issued on the various dates minted between 1924 and 1940: 47044150

Portugal, Bronze coin of 10 centavos 1930 of Portuguese Republic, World Coins Portugal KM#573. The year 1930 is the rarest coin in the series that belongs to the first series of 10-cent bronze coins created by decree 9718 of May 23, 1924. Issuance ceased under the terms of Decree-Law 32648 of January 29, 1943. Withdrawal circulation on July 1, 1949 (Decree-Law nº 37120, of October 27, 1948). Issued on the various dates minted between 1924 and 1940: 47044150.

The 20-cent coin of 1916, made of silver, belongs to the first series of 20-cent coins of the Portuguese Republic, issued in the years 1913 and 1916. It was created by the decree with the force of law of 22 May 1911 (Law No. 220 of 30 July 1911). Its issuance ceased under Decree-Law No. 3296 of 15 August 1917, and it was withdrawn from circulation pursuant to Decree-Law No. 19,871 of 9 June 1931.

Portugal, rare coin of 20 centavos 1922 Copper-nickel one of the rarest coins of the Portuguese Republic, World Coins Portugal KM#571. Coin of Portugal created by law 990 of 25 June 1920. Its issuance ceased under the terms of Decree-Law 9718 of 23 May 1924. It was withdrawn from circulation on 1 May 1929 (Ordinance no. 6102 of 18 April 1929). were minted on various dates between 1920 and 1922: 5,177,500 coins, with the coins dated 1922 and the smaller modules of 1921 and 1922 being the rarest coins in this series.

Portugal, 1922 20 Centavos in cupronickel, one of the rarest coins of the Portuguese Republic, World Coins – Portugal, KM#571. Portuguese coinage established under Law No. 990 of 25 June 1920. This specimen was struck from the same die as the coin in the Carlos Marques Costa Collection, listed in the catalogue printed in 2008 by Banco Espírito Santo (now Novo Banco), catalogued on page 170, code 13.05, where the same characteristic die cracks (die-cracked die) are visible. Despite its state of preservation, it remains a rare coin on the global numismatic market, being the scarcest date of the cupronickel 20 centavos series.

The 1944 Portuguese 20 centavos coin belongs to the consolidated bronze decimal issues of the Republic. Listed as KM#584, it follows the technical standards introduced in 1943, using the Cu 950‰, Sn 30‰, Zn 20‰ alloy. With over seven million pieces struck, this UNC example stands out for its sharp details and preserved mint brilliance.

The 1949 Portuguese 20 centavos coin belongs to the consolidated bronze decimal issues of the Republic. Listed as KM#584, it follows the technical standards introduced in 1943, using the Cu 950‰, Sn 30‰, Zn 20‰ alloy. With over seven million pieces struck, this UNC example stands out for its sharp details and preserved mint brilliance.

The 1956 Portuguese 20 centavos coin belongs to the consolidated bronze decimal issues of the Republic. Listed as KM#584, it follows the technical standards introduced in 1943, using the Cu 950‰, Sn 30‰, Zn 20‰ alloy. With over seven million pieces struck, this UNC example stands out for its sharp details and preserved mint brilliance.

The 1965 20 centavos bronze coin of the Portuguese Republic belongs to the XX centavos series issued in bronze. This 1965 XX centavos coin is catalogued in World Coins Portugal as KM#584 and in the Alberto Gomes catalogue as R.16.22. It forms part of the bronze XX Centavos series of the Portuguese Republic, struck in the bronze alloy (Cu 950 ‰, Sn 30 ‰ and Zn 20 ‰) and issued in various dates between 1942 and 1969. The series was created under Decree‑Law no. 32 648 of 29 January 1943, and its issuance ceased under Decree‑Law no. 49 167 of 4 August 1969. The total mintage for all dates produced between 1942 and 1969 amounted to 13,084,750 specimens.

The 50 centavos coin of 1912, in silver, belongs to the first coins of the Portuguese Republic with this denomination. It was struck in 835‰ silver between the years 1912 and 1916. It was created by the Decree with force of law of 22 May 1911, Law No. 220 of 30 July 1911. Issuance ceased under the terms of Decree-Law No. 3296 of 15 August 1917, and the coin was withdrawn from circulation in accordance with Decree-Law No. 19,871 of 9 June 1931. The total mintage, across the various dates struck between 1912 and 1916, was 16,210,323 pieces. This coin is internationally catalogued in World Coins Portugal under code KM 561.

The 50 centavos coin of 1916, in silver, belongs to the first coins of the Portuguese Republic with this denomination. It was struck in 835‰ silver between the years 1912 and 1916. It was created by the Decree with force of law of 22 May 1911, Law No. 220 of 30 July 1911. Issuance ceased under the terms of Decree-Law No. 3296 of 15 August 1917, and the coin was withdrawn from circulation in accordance with Decree-Law No. 19,871 of 9 June 1931. The total mintage, across the various dates struck between 1912 and 1916, was 16,210,323 pieces. This coin is internationally catalogued in World Coins Portugal under code KM 561.

Portugal, 1924 50 Centavos Bronze-Aluminum coin from the Portuguese Republic, World Coins Portugal KM#575. This coin exhibits extremely unusual characteristics and may be a unique specimen, given its singular features. On the obverse, it shows incuse (recessed) marks resulting from the impression of a mirrored reverse die. On the reverse, incuse marks attributed to a mirrored obverse die can be observed. So far, this is the only coin I am aware of that presents such features. The assigned grade is AU, and the visible irregularities are due to the aforementioned issues, in addition to die crack marks.

Rare Variant of the 1926 50 Centavos, Reuse of 1925 50 Centavos Dies, with an Open-Stem “9” and a Foot Perfectly Aligned with the “I” of “Simões”. This study presents an extremely rare die variant of the 1926 50 centavos, until now practically unknown or overlooked in Portuguese numismatics. This variant is defined by a very specific combination of technical features: the numeral “9” has an open stem, its foot is perfectly aligned with the “I” of “Simões”, and there is clear evidence of the reuse of dies originally employed in the minting of the 1925 50 centavos, later adapted for the 1926 issue. The association of these elements, traditionally attributed to 1925 coins, appears unexpectedly on specimens dated 1926, constituting a variant virtually absent from numismatic literature. Nevertheless, its existence is now undeniable, supported by the observation of authentic specimens over several decades.

Portugal, coin of 50 Centavos 1938 Alpaca of the Portuguese Republic, or $50 Centavos 1938, belongs to the third series of 50 centavos coins of the Portuguese Republic, coins were minted in the Alpaca alloy (Cu 610 - Zn 200 - Ni 190) with dates from 1927 to 1968, created by Decree 13797 of June 21, 1927, their issuance ceased under the terms of Decree-Law 49167 of August 4, 1969, they were withdrawn from circulation under the terms of Decree-Law 267/81 of September 15, 1981. Total issue in the various dates minted between 1927 and 1968 was 130,000,000.

Portugal, nickel brass coin of 50 Centavos 1938 of the Portuguese Republic, belongs to the series of Portuguese 50 centavos "Alpaca" nickel brass coins from the years 1927 to 1968, created by Decree 13797 of June 21, 1927. Issuance ceased under the terms of Decree-Law 49167 of August 4, 1969. Withdrawn from circulation under the terms of Decree-Law 267/81 of 15 September 1981. Issuance on the various dates minted between 1927 and 1968: 130,000,000

Portugal, coin of 50 Centavos 1966 Alpaca of the Portuguese Republic, or $50 Centavos 1966, belongs to the third series of 50 centavos coins of the Portuguese Republic, coins were minted in the Alpaca alloy (Cu 610 - Zn 200 - Ni 190) with dates from 1927 to 1968, created by Decree 13797 of June 21, 1927, their issuance ceased under the terms of Decree-Law 49167 of August 4, 1969, they were withdrawn from circulation under the terms of Decree-Law 267/81 of September 15, 1981. Total issue in the various dates minted between 1927 and 1968 was 130,000,000.

Portugal, iron coin of 2 centavos 1918, "$02 centavos 1918 iron", this coin was created by Decree 4849 of September 9, 1918. Issuance ceased under the terms of Decree-Law 9718 of May 23, 1924. Withdrawn from circulation: January 1 of 1927 decree nº 12,892, of December 17, 1926. Issuance of iron 2-cent coin 1918: 170,000

The 2 centavos 1918 iron coin of the Portuguese Republic is a highly interesting numismatic piece, especially among collectors of antique Portuguese coins. Catalogued as Alberto Gomes R.02.01 and KM 567 in the Standard Catalog of World Coins, it stands out for its low mintage of only 170,000 pieces and its historical context within the First Portuguese Republic.

Issued under Decree No. 4849 of 9 September 1918, it had a short circulation period, being officially withdrawn in 1927. Due to its iron composition, many surviving examples show wear, making higher-grade specimens such as VF (Very Fine) particularly desirable.

The 2 centavos 1918 iron coin of the Portuguese Republic is a notable issue from the First Republic period, widely collected within Portuguese numismatics. Catalogued as Alberto Gomes R.02.01 and KM 567, it has a limited mintage of 170,000 pieces, enhancing its appeal among collectors.

Issued under early 20th-century legislation, this coin had a relatively short circulation period and was withdrawn from use in the late 1920s. Due to its iron composition, most surviving examples show wear, making VF-grade specimens especially desirable in the numismatic market.

The bronze coin of Portugal of 5 centavos 1922 Portuguese Republic, belongs to the first coins minted from the first Portuguese Republic. Created by Law 1085 of 9 December 1920, issuance ceased under the terms of Decree-Law 9718 of 23 May 1924. Issuance on the various dates minted between 1920 and 1922: 15326250, Coins were minted with the dates 1920, 1921 and 1922 in Bronze Metal Alloy (Cu 960 - Zn 40).

Portugal, 5 centavos coin of 1927, in bronze, from the Portuguese Republic. It belongs to the second series of 5-centavo coins to circulate in Portugal, created by Decree No. 9718 of 23 May 1924. The issue ended under the terms of the same decree. The total mintage, considering the various dates struck between 1924 and 1927, was 40,060,364 pieces. The designers were Alves do Rego for the obverse and Francisco dos Santos for the reverse. The international reference code for this coin in World Coins Portugal is KM#572

Malawi, One Crown 1966 Republic Day Commemorative Cupronickel,"REPUBLIC OF MALAWI • 6TH JULY 1966 •", in original case, (PROOF), World Coins Malawi KM#5

Malawi 50 kwacha 2004 PROOF, Commemorative of the inauguration of the 11th Presidency of the Republic of China, World Coins Malawi KM 43, bimetallic bronze coin with a gold-plated center and silver-plated rim, a coin with a limited mintage of 1000 coins and of large dimensions measures 65 mm in diameter and weighs 140 Gr. coin protected with original acrylic capsule.

Sierra Leone, 1 Dollar 2006 Copper-nickel Stegosaurus, Series to dinosaurs, World Coins Sierra Leone KM#308, PROOF finish (matte high relief and mirrored field)

Sierra Leone, 1 Dollar 2006 Copper-nickel Impala, Series alluding to the animals of Africa, World Coins Sierra Leone KM#314, PROOF finish (matte high relief and mirrored field)

Sierra Leone, 1 Dollar 2006 Copper-nickel Brontosaurus, Series to dinosaurs, World Coins Sierra Leone KM#324, PROOF finish (matte high relief and mirrored field)

Sierra Leone, 1 Dollar 2007 Cheetah Copper-nickel, Series alluding to the animals of Africa, World Coins Sierra Leone KM#326, PROOF finish (matte high relief and mirrored field)

Sierra Leone, 1 Dollar 2007 Copper-nickel Rhinoceros, Series alluding to the animals of Africa, World Coins Sierra Leone KM#328, PROOF finish (matte high relief and mirrored field)