Epigraphic variant of the medieval dinheiro of King Afonso III, identified by the reading ALFONSVS RX instead of the usual REX. This feature highlights die diversity within the billon issues of the reign, illustrating the paleographic evolution of hammer‑struck coinage in 13th‑century Portugal.

Epigraphic variant of the medieval dinheiro of King Afonso III, distinguished by the unusual form of the letter “E”, rendered as “€” in the legend ALFONSVS R€X. This paleographic feature reflects die diversity and subtle graphic variations within Portugal’s 13th‑century billon issues.

Epigraphic variant of the medieval dinheiro of King Afonso III, marked by the distinctive form of the letter “E”, rendered as “€” in the legend ALFONSVS R€X. This specimen shows traces of extended circulation, illustrating the natural wear found in 13th‑century hammer‑struck billon issues.

Epigraphic variant of the medieval dinheiro of King Afonso III, defined by the shortened legend ALFONSV REX, lacking the usual final “S” in ALFONSVS. This reading highlights die variations and graphic simplifications found in 13th‑century billon issues, illustrating the paleographic diversity of hammer‑struck Portuguese coinage.

Epigraphic variant of the medieval dinheiro of King Afonso III of Portugal, distinguished by the reading AIFONSVS instead of the more common ALFONSVS. Classified within the 1st Group by Alberto Gomes, this issue illustrates the paleographic diversity of Portugal’s hammer‑struck coinage, where subtle legend variations reveal distinct die families and evolving iconographic patterns throughout the reign.