Token coins, commonly known as tokens, include non‑circulating issues used in commercial, industrial, municipal and service contexts, such as telephone tokens, transport tokens, casino tokens, access‑control pieces and internal‑use tokens. Many of these pieces also served as emergency money (Notgeld or necessity tokens), replacing official currency during shortages or in local exchange systems. Issued from the 19th century to the present by private entities, municipalities or INCM, these tokens form a diverse and historically significant field within Portuguese numismatics.