Complete set of 4 coins from the 5nd Series of Portuguese Discoveries in Copper-nickel year 1994, The Division of the World,This set from the V Series of Portuguese Discoveries consists of the coins: 200 Escudos 1994 Henrique the navigator KM#670, 200 Escudos 1994 Treaty of Tordesillas KM#671, 200 Escudos 1994 The Sharing of the World 1494 KM#672, 200 Escudos 1994 D. João II - The Perfect Prince KM#673

Bronze Medal Sculptor Cabral Antunes “Celebrities in Medicine”, Ligation of vessels using tweezers, 1963 year of Discovery of Hydrochlorothiazide, 1964 discovery of Amiloride, 1973 year of launch of Moduretic

Angola, bronze coin of 1 Escudo 1974 Bronze coin with axis almost medal alignment, moved between 10:00 and 11:00 Hours i.e. 310º, "very rare", (the 1$00 Escudo 1974 Angola coin only appears classified in Alberto Gomes with the Oblique Axis variant "8h"), this variant with an axis almost medal alignment, does not appear classified in any catalogue. (The normal imaginary minting axis of this coin is horizontal (↑↓), however, due to human error in assembling the dies, that is, the incorrect placement of the dies in the press, there were coins that were minted with deviated axes, this being one of those errors in this case almost a Vertical Axis (↓↓) "medal alignment"

Portugal, error coin of medal alignment XX centavos 1951 Bronze, minting error Medal Alignment in coin of XX centavos 1951 of bronze, World Coins Portugal KM#584 (The normal imaginary minting axis of this coin is horizontal (↑↓), however, due to human error in assembling the dies, that is, the incorrect placement of the dies in the press, there were coins that were minted with deviated axes, this being one of those errors in this case, medal alignment (↓↓).

100 Greatest Ancient Coins, by Harlan J. Berk (Foreword by David MacDonald), presents the 100 most important coins of Antiquity, with historical, artistic, and technical analyses.

This special edition is signed by the author on the first page of the book, without dedication, making it a unique collector’s item. Illustrated with high-quality photographs and detailed commentary on each coin.

Monnaies grecques (Greek Coins) by G. K. Jenkins is a comprehensive reference work on ancient Greek coinage. Published in 1972 by Office du Livre as part of the L’Univers des Monnaies series, the book offers chronological, typological, and iconographic analysis of coins from archaic, classical, and Hellenistic Greece.

Jenkins, curator of Coins and Medals at the British Museum, provides detailed descriptions, historical context, and photographic documentation, making this edition essential for collectors, historians, and students of classical numismatics.

The Numismatic Circular, published by Spink & Son Ltd, is one of the most important and long-running international numismatic publications.

This set includes the complete issues from 1924 (Volume XXXII) to 1933 (Volume XLI), bound into 5 large hardcover volumes, covering a historically significant period between the aftermath of World War I and the years leading up to World War II.

The publication contains a wide range of numismatic content, including studies, classifications, descriptions, and market listings of coins and medals from ancient to modern times.

Due to its completeness, historical context, and the rarity of bound sets, this collection represents an important resource for collectors, researchers, and numismatic libraries.

Portuguese Coins and Coins from the Territory That Is Today Portugal – 7th Edition – is the most recent comprehensive catalogue of Portuguese coinage, originally authored by Alberto Gomes and published in 2021 by the Associação Numismática de Portugal.

This expanded and revised edition provides detailed descriptions and classifications of coins minted for continental Portugal, the Azores, Madeira and Portuguese overseas territories up to 2001, with historical context and technical data, making it an essential reference for collectors and numismatic researchers.

Portuguese Coins and Coins from Portuguese Territories Before the Foundation of the Nation, 2nd Edition, by Alberto Gomes (Self-published, 1996), is a reference work on medieval Portuguese numismatics.

This edition includes revisions and updates to the first edition, examining coins circulating in Portugal and its territories before the 12th century, including Visigothic, Mozarabic, and early local issues. It details typology, materials, legends, and iconography, situating the coins in their historical and economic context. An essential resource for collectors and scholars of medieval Portuguese coinage.

The Great History of the Portuguese Escudo, by António Miguel Trigueiro, is a work dedicated to the historical and numismatic study of the Portuguese currency during the period when the escudo served as the national monetary unit.

Published in 2003 by Coleções Philae, the book explores the evolution of Portuguese coinage from the establishment of the Republic in 1910, when the escudo replaced the real, until its replacement by the euro at the beginning of the twenty-first century.

The author examines the various coin issues in escudos, including circulation coinage and commemorative emissions, placing them within their historical, political, and economic context.

This work represents a valuable contribution to the study of modern Portuguese numismatics and the monetary history of Portugal in the twentieth century.

Portuguese Coins Minted in Porto in the Collection of the Numismatic Cabinet is a publication dedicated to the study and inventory of Portuguese coins struck in the city of Porto and preserved in the municipal numismatic collection.

Published in 1989 by Casa Tait – Museums Division of the Porto City Council, the book presents a catalogue of coins minted in Porto, providing descriptions of the pieces and historical references to their respective issues.

The work contributes to the study of Portuguese numismatics and highlights the historical role of Porto as an important minting center in Portugal.

Catalogue of the Numismatic Collection of the Museu Eng. António de Almeida, published by the Fundação Eng. António de Almeida in 1994, is an essential reference for Portuguese numismatics.

Organized in two volumes, the catalogue provides a detailed inventory and technical descriptions of coins and medals in the museum, including historical notes and typological classification, offering a comprehensive understanding of the numismatic collection.

The volumes are presented in original brown hardcover binding and housed in the original archival box, features that enhance their bibliographic and collector value.

The Numismatic Collection of Banco Mello – History and Heritage presents an important group of historical coins from the Banco Mello numismatic collection.

Published in 1997 with text by historian Miguel Figueira de Faria, the book explores the historical significance of coinage as a reflection of political, economic, and artistic developments.

The catalogue includes 212 coins of different metals from various periods of the Portuguese Monarchy, illustrating the evolution of Portuguese coinage over several centuries.

Richly illustrated and historically contextualized, this work represents an important contribution to the study of Portuguese numismatics and monetary heritage.

Gold Coins of Portugal – 5th to 20th Centuries is a work dedicated to the study of gold coinage related to the history of Portugal over a wide chronological period.

Published in 2006 by Numisma Editions and written by Javier Sáez Salgado, the book presents a specialised numismatic study of gold coin issues connected with Portuguese history, covering a period from the 5th century to the 20th century.

The author analyses different coin types and places them within their historical, political, and economic context, allowing readers to understand the evolution of gold coinage across many centuries.

Due to its thematic focus and broad historical scope, this work represents an important contribution to the study of Portuguese numismatics and is of particular interest to collectors and researchers of Portuguese gold coins.

History of Coinage in Portugal, by Javier Sáez Salgado (2001), is a reference work on Portuguese numismatics, covering the evolution of Portuguese coinage from its origins to the introduction of the euro.

The book examines coins in gold, silver, and copper, including commemorative and circulation issues, analyzing iconography, legends, and historical context. An essential reference for collectors, historians, and researchers of Portuguese coinage.

Dictionary of Numismatics by J. M. Folgosa is an essential reference work in the study of numismatics, compiling a wide range of terminology, biographies, historical references, mythology, slang, engravers, and coin legends.

Published by Livraria Fernando Machado in Porto, this dictionary presents a comprehensive alphabetical and thematic overview of numismatic knowledge, useful for collectors, researchers, professionals, and curious readers.

The book includes extensive entries on technical numismatic terms, historical figures, and explanations of inscriptions found on coins, making it a valuable resource for understanding the cultural and historical aspects of coinage.

Manual of Numismatics – Collector’s Guide by Alexandre Ferreira Barros is a practical and instructional work focused on fundamental numismatic concepts, techniques, and best practices for collectors.

Published in 1961 by Livraria Fernando Machado in Porto, this manual offers guidance on acquiring, evaluating, organizing and presenting a coin collection, blending practical advice with introductory historical context about frequently encountered coinage.

Illustrated with drawings and reproductions of coins, the book includes explanations about metal alloys, chronological classification and a glossary of terms, making it a useful resource for both beginners and experienced collectors interested in Portuguese numismatics.

Catalogue of Indo-Portuguese Coins of the Portuguese Numismatic Museum, by Professor Damião Peres, is one of the most important reference works dedicated to the study of Portuguese colonial coinage in the East.

Published by the Portuguese Mint between 1963 and 1975, the work was originally issued in four separate volumes covering the coinage of the Portuguese State of India from the early sixteenth century to the twentieth century.

Each volume presents a systematic catalogue and detailed descriptions of the coins, including historical context, typological classification, and references to the monetary circulation within the Portuguese territories in India.

The present set brings together the four original volumes bound into two books, each containing two of the original tomes.

Both books are presented in luxury bindings, forming a complete and highly desirable bibliographic set for collectors and researchers interested in Indo-Portuguese numismatics.

Catalogue of Indo-Portuguese Coins of the Porto Municipal Museum, by Professor Damião Peres, is one of the earliest works dedicated to the study and cataloguing of Indo-Portuguese coinage.

Published in 1924, the book presents an inventory and description of Indo-Portuguese coins preserved in the collection of the Porto Municipal Museum, including historical references and typological classification of coinage associated with the Portuguese presence in India.

This work represents one of the earliest systematic catalogues of Indo-Portuguese coinage in a Portuguese museum collection and contributed to the development of later research in Portuguese colonial numismatics.

The present copy preserves the original printed wrappers and was printed by Indústria Gráfica do Porto, Lda., adding further bibliographic interest for collectors and researchers.

Arab Coins: Inventory and Description, by Joaquim Figanier, published in Lisbon by the Portuguese Mint / Portuguese Numismatic Museum, is an important scholarly work dedicated to the study and cataloguing of Arabic coins related to the Portuguese historical territory.

Originally issued in two parts between 1949 and 1959, the work presents a detailed inventory and description of Islamic coinage discovered in Portugal or connected with the monetary circulation of the Iberian Peninsula during the period of Muslim presence.

Because of its systematic approach and historical analysis, the book represents an important contribution to the study of Islamic numismatics in Iberia.

The present copy contains both parts bound together in a single volume, in an elegant luxury binding with leather spine and corners, gilt top edge with gold lettering, and preserving the original printed wrappers.

NUMÁRIA da LUSITANIA, by António Domingos Simões Coelho (Lisbon, 1972), is a reference work on ancient Lusitanian coinage.

The book studies pre-Roman and Roman coins of Lusitania, providing detailed typological, material, and iconographic analysis, situating them in historical and cultural context. An essential resource for collectors and researchers of ancient Iberian numismatics.

The Duke of Galliera Collection is one of the most renowned private collections of Portuguese coins in the 20th century. Compiled by the Duke of Galliera (1839‑1905), the collection stands out for the quality, diversity, and historical range of its coins, from medieval to modern issues.

The catalogue Portuguese Coins from the Collection of the Duke of Galliera, published in Lisbon in 1949 by J. Almeida, M. Basto, and L. Piombino, documents and illustrates this significant collection. Coins are arranged according to typological and historical criteria, reflecting the richness of Portuguese numismatics over the centuries.

The book preserves the Duke of Galliera’s legacy and remains a key reference for collectors, researchers, and numismatics scholars, allowing detailed study of one of the most important private collections of Portuguese coins.

Price Guide of Portuguese Coins from 1140 to 1640, by Pedro Batalha Reis, published in Lisbon in 1956, is an important illustrated catalogue and price guide dedicated to Portuguese coinage from the foundation of the kingdom through the end of the Iberian Union.

The work presents a systematic listing of Portuguese coin issues from this period together with reference market values. The volume is further enriched with numerous photographic plates of the coins, which greatly assist collectors and researchers in identifying coin types and variations.

Because of its illustrated catalogue format and practical function as a numismatic price guide, the book became a useful reference for collectors interested in medieval and early modern Portuguese coinage.

This copy is bound in an elegant luxury binding, with leather spine and corners, gilt top edge with gold lettering, and it preserves the original printed wrappers, increasing its bibliophilic and collector value.

Catalogue of Portuguese Coins – Mainland Portugal 1640-1948, by Joaquim Ferraro Vaz, first published in 1948, represents one of the early reference works dedicated to the systematic cataloguing of Portuguese coinage.

The book presents the coin issues of mainland Portugal from the Restoration period of 1640 through the mid-20th century. It is richly illustrated with detailed drawings by J. Lemos Gomes (Melos), which greatly assist collectors and researchers in identifying coin types and variations.

Due to its organization and illustrative content, the work became an important reference in Portuguese numismatic literature and contributed significantly to the study and classification of Portuguese coinage.

The present copy is bound in an elegant luxury binding, with leather spine and corners, gilt top edge with gold lettering, and it preserves the original printed wrappers, enhancing its bibliophilic and collector value.

The Book of the Coins of Portugal – Price Guide 1973, by Joaquim Ferraro Vaz, is a revised edition of the author’s numismatic catalogue published shortly after the first concise price guide of 1972. This version is notable for introducing, for the first time, the coinage issued in the former Portuguese colonies, significantly expanding the scope of the catalogue.

Organized according to Ferraro Vaz’s characteristic systematic structure, the book lists Portuguese coin types together with the market values used at the time. Due to its expanded coverage and its role in the evolution of the author’s catalogue, this edition represents an important reference in the bibliography of Portuguese numismatics.

The Book of the Coins of Portugal – Price Guide 1978, by Joaquim Ferraro Vaz, represents a revised edition of the author’s well-known numismatic catalogue, presenting updated market values for Portuguese coins according to the numismatic market of the time.

Published in a more compact format, this edition was designed as a practical reference tool for collectors and dealers, allowing them to follow price developments and identify the principal Portuguese coin series. As part of the ongoing revisions of Ferraro Vaz’s catalogue, this volume forms another stage in the evolution of one of the most influential works in Portuguese numismatic literature.

The Currency of Portugal in the World – The Coinage of Brazil, by J. Ferraro Vaz, is a historical and numismatic study focusing on the circulation and influence of Portuguese currency in Brazil. The book examines the monetary systems used during the Portuguese colonial period and the historical evolution of coinage in the Brazilian territory.

Published in Braga in 1986, the work forms part of Ferraro Vaz’s broader studies on the presence of Portuguese coinage across the former Portuguese overseas world. Illustrated and accessible in style, the volume connects numismatic evidence with the history of Portuguese maritime expansion.

By linking coinage, trade, and imperial administration, the book provides useful insights into the monetary history of Portuguese Brazil and remains of interest to collectors and researchers of Luso-Brazilian numismatics.

Nomenclatura Numismática is a short but important work on numismatic terminology, written by the Portuguese scholar José Leite de Vasconcelos. In this study, the author gathers and explains a range of technical terms related to the study of coins, aiming to clarify the specialized vocabulary used by researchers, collectors, and students of numismatics. The text addresses the designation of the different parts of a coin, elements of minting, and essential concepts used in their description and classification. Written with the scholarly rigor characteristic of its author, this work contributed to the standardization of numismatic terminology in Portuguese and remains a useful reference for those interested in the study of the monetary history of Portugal. This is the first facsimile edition, reproducing the text originally published in O Archeologo Português, vol. XXX, 1938, pp. 126–149, as it was issued by the Portuguese Numismatic Society in November 1958, thus preserving its historical and documentary value.

Catalogue of Portuguese Coins – 19th and 20th Centuries, by Alberto Gomes, is the first edition of this important numismatic catalogue, published in 1979/1980. The book systematically presents Portuguese coinage of the 19th and 20th centuries, including series, variants, illustrations, and historical market values.

As the foundational edition of Gomes’s work, it remains a key reference for collectors, dealers, and scholars of Portuguese numismatics. Its detailed descriptions and images allow clear identification of the main coin issues of modern Portuguese history.

Coins of Angola, by L. Rebelo de Sousa (Banco de Angola, Luanda, 1966), is a reference work on Angolan coinage, covering coins from the colonial period up to the mid-20th century.

The book details silver, and copper coins, including of republic portuguese issues, analyzing types, mints, legends, iconography, and historical context. Essential for collectors and researchers of Angolan and Portuguese colonial numismatics.

Portugal, billon coin of Dinheiro of D. Afonso II (1211-1223), Legenda: PORTVGALIE / ✠ REX ALFOSV, Ref. Alberto Gomes A2.01.05, coin minted during the first dynasty of Portugal, in the reign of D. Afonso II nicknamed “The Fat” born on April 12, 1185, in Coimbra, reigned Portugal from 1211 until 1223 year of his death, was the son of D. Sancho I, grandson of D. Afonso Henriques, was the third king of Portugal.

This billon dinheiro of King Dinis I features a well‑defined cross pattee on the obverse and clear Gothic lettering of the legend .D. REX PORTVGL. The reverse shows the characteristic arrangement of five shields with their traditional besant pattern, reflecting the visual identity of early Portuguese medieval coinage. This specimen stands out for its legible iconography and balanced strike, representing an important stage in the monetary development of 13th‑century Portugal.

Rare epigraphic variant of the medieval Portuguese dinheiro, identified by the star replacing the X in REX and by the cross pattee with atypical raised terminals. This issue reflects the stylistic and technical transitions in late Dinis I coinage, a period known for multiple die varieties and evolving medieval minting practices.

Medieval Portuguese billon dinheiro from the reign of King Dinis I, classified within the 7th group by Alberto Gomes as variant Di.07.25. It features characteristic Dionisian iconography, with a Patée cross flanked by alternating crescent and star symbols, alongside well‑defined Gothic monetary script. The arrangement of quadrant symbols and the shield cross on the reverse make this variant significant for the study of Dinis I’s medieval coinage.

Rare medieval Portuguese billon dinheiro from the reign of King Dinis I, featuring fine engraving and exceptionally clear tornês‑style Gothic lettering. The Patée cross, delicately executed and reminiscent of the Cross of the Order of Christ, is flanked by crescent and star symbols, forming a well‑defined Dionisian iconographic pattern. The legend ends in “PORTVGL´”, an unusual and unclassified feature not listed in Alberto Gomes’ catalogue, with closest similarity to variant Di.08.09. Owing to its sharp details and high‑quality engraving, this specimen stands out as one of the finest known examples of this group.

Portugal, Barbuda billon coin from the reign of Ferdinand I (1367–1383), struck at the Lisbon mint and valued at 28 dinheiros. The obverse bears the legend ☩SI:DNS:MICHI:AIVTOR:NON:TI፨:: and the reverse ☩FERNANDVS:REX:PORTVGALI:AL, accompanied by the letter “L” identifying the Lisbon workshop. This type belongs to the monetary reforms introduced by Ferdinand I, known as “The Handsome”, born on 31 October 1345 and the ninth king of Portugal. His reign marked a significant diversification of Portuguese medieval coinage, with new types such as crowned pillars, graves, half‑barbudas, barbudas, half tornês, tornês de escudo, meio forte, real, gentil and the dobra pé‑de‑terra.

issued during the reign of King Ferdinand I, this bust-type tornês struck in billon reflects the evolution of Portuguese royal iconography in the 14th century. Minted in Lisbon, it forms part of the monetary reforms introduced under the Fernandine administration and remains a key reference piece for the study of medieval Portuguese coinage.

Medieval dinheiro attributed to King Pedro I, featuring unusual epigraphy and paleographic elements that illustrate the complexity of Portugal’s 1st Dynasty coinage. This specimen stands out for its atypical legend ending, making it significant for the study of 14th‑century die variants.

Portugal, Billon coin of Dinheiro of D. Sancho I (1185-1211), Legend: PORTVGAL / ✠ REX SANCIO, Ref. Alberto Gomes S1.02.02. Coin minted at the beginning of the 1st dynasty of Portugal, in the reign of D. Sancho I, nicknamed “O Povoador” born on December 11, 1154, reigned Portugal from 1185 until 1211 year of his death, was the second king of Portugal and was the son of King Afonso Henriques and his wife Mafalda de Saboia.

Portugal ½ Dinheiro (Mealha) in billon from the reign of King Sancho II, belonging to the Cross Pattée typology. The obverse bears the legend • REX SANCIVS, while the reverse displays the fragmented medieval epigraphy PO RT VG AL. A manually struck piece with corded border, classified by Alberto Gomes as S2.01.01.

Portugal ½ Dinheiro (Mealha) in billon attributed to King Sancho II, belonging to the Cross Pattée type and classified as RARE by Alberto Gomes (S2.01.02). The obverse bears the legend • REX SANCIV, while the reverse shows the fragmented medieval epigraphy PORTVGAL.

Fragmented specimen of a medieval billon dinheiro from the reign of King Sancho II, belonging to the “Cross Pattée” typology. This piece corresponds to half of a full dinheiro, presenting a diameter of 12.8 mm and a weight of 0.22 g, values that proportionally align with the characteristics traditionally attributed to the so‑called complete mealhas. The preserved morphology allows the identification of iconographic elements of the typology despite the fragmentation, making this coin a relevant physical indicator for the study of medieval fractional currency and for the interpretation of units conventionally classified as mealhas.