Portugal, silver coin of Tostão of King João V (1706–1750), corresponding to 100 réis. The obverse features a crown with four pearled arches, topped by a pearled cross and flanked by floral ornaments. On the crown’s diadem, there is a lozenge with a central dot. Below the mint mark appears a floral ornament separated by dots (•✤•). On the reverse, the legend begins with a floral ornament separated by small crosses (+✤+), and the rest of the inscription is divided by medium-sized floral ornaments with a central core. This coin is listed in the World Coins – Portugal catalog under KM#177. It was minted during the reign of King João V, known as “The Magnanimous,” the twenty-fifth King of Portugal. Born in 1689, João V reigned from 1706 until his death in 1750. He was married to Dona Maria Anna Josepha of Austria.

The Duke of Galliera Collection is one of the most renowned private collections of Portuguese coins in the 20th century. Compiled by the Duke of Galliera (1839‑1905), the collection stands out for the quality, diversity, and historical range of its coins, from medieval to modern issues.

The catalogue Portuguese Coins from the Collection of the Duke of Galliera, published in Lisbon in 1949 by J. Almeida, M. Basto, and L. Piombino, documents and illustrates this significant collection. Coins are arranged according to typological and historical criteria, reflecting the richness of Portuguese numismatics over the centuries.

The book preserves the Duke of Galliera’s legacy and remains a key reference for collectors, researchers, and numismatics scholars, allowing detailed study of one of the most important private collections of Portuguese coins.

Espadim coin of King Afonso V (1438–1481), Espadim or 4 Reais Brancos, a rare variant with the obverse legend separated by double annulets instead of the usual two dots. Legend: +ALFONSVS 8 DEI 8 GRACIE 8 R / + ADIVTORIVN : NOSTRVN : IN : N. The Espadim has always been a highly prized coin among collectors, not only because of its scarcity but also due to its central allegory, which is extremely original considering the period in which it was struck, presenting a design that clearly stands out from other coins of its time. Within a smooth circular border, the field displays four double tetralobed arches, adorned on both the inner and outer sides with annulets, over which is superimposed a hand emerging from the right, grasping a short sword by the upper part of the blade. The sword runs along the entire central axis of the coin, with the legend interrupted at the hilt and at the tip of the blade; to the left, directly in front of the hand, appears the letter “A”. The Espadins were struck during the reign of King Afonso V, known as “The African,” the twelfth King of Portugal, born in 1432 and who reigned from 1438 until his death in 1481. His consort was Queen Isabel of Lancaster.

Portugal, nickel brass coin of 50 Centavos 1938 of the Portuguese Republic, belongs to the series of Portuguese 50 centavos "Alpaca" nickel brass coins from the years 1927 to 1968, created by Decree 13797 of June 21, 1927. Issuance ceased under the terms of Decree-Law 49167 of August 4, 1969. Withdrawn from circulation under the terms of Decree-Law 267/81 of 15 September 1981. Issuance on the various dates minted between 1927 and 1968: 130,000,000