Medieval dinheiro of King Sancho II, classified as S2.17.02, identifiable by the obverse shield with two vertically aligned besants and the reverse Equilateral Cross whose alternating dot‑and‑star symbols divide the PORTVGALIAE legend. This specimen reflects the Gothic stylistic traits of 13th‑century hammered issues and the iconographic variety characteristic of the coinage struck during the reign.

The Duke of Galliera Collection is one of the most renowned private collections of Portuguese coins in the 20th century. Compiled by the Duke of Galliera (1839‑1905), the collection stands out for the quality, diversity, and historical range of its coins, from medieval to modern issues.

The catalogue Portuguese Coins from the Collection of the Duke of Galliera, published in Lisbon in 1949 by J. Almeida, M. Basto, and L. Piombino, documents and illustrates this significant collection. Coins are arranged according to typological and historical criteria, reflecting the richness of Portuguese numismatics over the centuries.

The book preserves the Duke of Galliera’s legacy and remains a key reference for collectors, researchers, and numismatics scholars, allowing detailed study of one of the most important private collections of Portuguese coins.

Portugal, silver coin, anepigraphic vintém from the reign of King João V (1706–1750), a rare variant featuring an armillary sphere between dots. The vintém, or 20 réis, displays on the obverse a medium-sized armillary sphere topped by a pearl. The zodiac begins on the right, above the Tropic of Cancer, and ends on the left, above the Tropic of Capricorn. The armillary sphere is supported by a tripod base with a central sphere. This variant is listed only in the most recent edition of the Alberto Gomes catalogue — 7th edition, 2021 — under the code J5.41.02a, with the designation "Equador entre pontos" ("Equator between dots"). Also referenced in World Coins – Portugal under KM#330

Silver 640 Réis (2 Patacas) coin dated 1771, struck in .916 fine silver for circulation in colonial Brazil during the reign of King José I, known as “The Reformer”, the twenty‑sixth King of Portugal. Born in 1714, he ruled from 1750 to 1777, a period marked by major administrative and economic reforms led by the Marquis of Pombal. He was married to Queen Mariana Victoria of Bourbon.

This specimen belongs to the “SUBQ” variant, distinguished by the unusual placement of the dot above the letter “Q”, a feature considered scarce among the known sub‑variants of this issue. The obverse displays the crowned royal coat of arms, while the reverse features the armillary sphere over the Cross of the Order of Christ, following catalog references KM#193.2 and Gomes 53.02. The coin measures 37 mm in diameter and weighs 17.92 g, within the expected parameters for this colonial emission.