Bronze Tetrobol (AE38) issued in Alexandria, Egypt, during the reign of Ptolemy IV Philopator (222–205/4 BC). Weight: 45.58 g; diameter: 37.5 mm; thickness: 6 mm; irregular smooth edge; beaded border. Obverse (anepigraphic): Head of Zeus-Ammon facing right, with ram’s horns, curly hair, and a band with basileion, representing the religious syncretism between Amun-Ra and Zeus and the divine legitimization of the Ptolemaic dynasty. Reverse: Eagle with outstretched wings facing left, head to the right, perched on a horizontal thunderbolt, with Greek legend “ΠTOΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ” (“of King Ptolemy”) and workshop mark Σ (sigma) between the legs; bears an incuse countermark in the left field depicting a cornucopia within a vertical rectangle. Brief historical note: Ptolemy IV consolidated Ptolemaic authority, reinforced the divine ideology of kingship, maintained diplomatic relations with Hellenistic powers, and promoted cultural and religious integration in Egypt, despite internal challenges and the growing influence of court advisors.

Medieval dinheiro of King Sancho II featuring an obverse with a shield bearing three vertically aligned besants and a reverse with an Equilateral Cross flanked by alternating star and dot symbols that segment the PORTVGALIAE legend. This S2.15.01 typology belongs to the advanced issues of the reign, illustrating Gothic epigraphic refinement and the iconographic diversity of 13th‑century Portuguese hammered coinage.

100 Greatest Ancient Coins, by Harlan J. Berk (Foreword by David MacDonald), presents the 100 most important coins of Antiquity, with historical, artistic, and technical analyses.

This special edition is signed by the author on the first page of the book, without dedication, making it a unique collector’s item. Illustrated with high-quality photographs and detailed commentary on each coin.

Portuguese notgeld, 5 Centavos Arcos de Valdevez Hospital de S. José, Reference  nº 640 Type variant I, (NC), Private emergency money notes from 1917 to 1925. In Portugal, there were two main periods of emergency money, the first being during the financial crisis of 1891, the second, at the end of the First World War, between 1917 and 1925, it is in this last period where a greater issuance and increase in emergency money is concentrated. Due to the great inflation that led to the devaluation of money and the increase in the value of the metals used in coins, which was already higher than their face value, leading to the almost total disappearance of coins from the market, these were hoarded as an investment by people or they were looted from the market because their face value was lower than their intrinsic value. In such circumstances, in which metallic coins were almost extinct, the need for small money was increasingly felt, a new resource currency appeared, the paper banknote which was intended to replace coins from one to twenty cents, whose issuance was initially only authorized by the Mint, but, as the measure was insufficiency, it proved to be incapable of filling the shortage of coins, resulting in its issuance being authorized under the responsibility of municipal councils, Misericórdias and other public entities, and even private individuals, even though some were considered illegal, they were still accepted locally as the only way to make up for the shortage of change in small, day-to-day commercial transactions.